Who discovered the phenomenon of positron emission?

Who discovered the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)?

Who discovered the phenomenon of gamma decay?

Who discovered the phenomenon of cosmic rays?

Who discovered the phenomenon of the Mössbauer effect?

Who discovered the phenomenon of quarks?

Who discovered the phenomenon of dark matter halos?

Who discovered the phenomenon of positron emission tomography (PET)?

Who discovered the phenomenon of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)?

Who discovered the concept of antimatter?

Who gave the concept of dark energy?